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*Area 23 - Unknown
*Area 23 - Unknown
*Area 24 - Spain
*Area 24 - Spain
===Numbers===
Just as each sector is given a number, the natives of the region are referred to by the same number. Hence, Japanese become "Elevens" and natives of the Middle East, regardless of their ethnic group, become "Eighteens." Collectively, all Non-Britannians living within the Empire as referred to as the "Numbers", which many Britannians try to separate themselves from. Many Non-Britannians find this very offensive, and the Empire uses it as a form of cultural suppression. The term Numbers in itself is often used derogatorily by Britannians.
===Major Cities===
The capital of the Empire is the Imperial Capital of Pendragon, where Pendragon Palace is situated. This was destroyed by Schneizel using his F.L.E.I.J.A. equipped floating fortress, Damocles. The majority of the ruling family resides in the district of the capital known as "Saint Darwin Street".
The Emperor apparently resides in "Britannia Palace", the site of the assassination, as well as Lelouch's temporary residence at the time of his reign. Other residences in the capital include: Belial Palace where Nunnally resided in the year between the first and second seasons; Warrick Palace, the home of Clovis' mother, Gabriella la Britannia and the Imperial Villa at Aries (アリエスの離宮|Ariesu No Rikyū), the residence of Lelouch's mother prior to her death. Owing to his fond childhood memories of the beautiful aerial gardens at Aries, Clovis la Britannia later modeled the villa on top of the Viceroy's Palace in Area 11 after it. The audio dramas also mention the existence of a Capricorn Villa; considering the presence of Aries and Capricorn villas, it may be reasonable to suggest that there are other villas named after astrological symbols (i.e., Leo, Gemini, Libra). The Britannian capital of Pendragon appears to be in the middle of our present day Arizona, however, on a map displayed on the Ikaruga, it was shown to be just northeast of our Baja California.
In Oz the Reflection, the Wings of Talleyrand enact a plan to invade and destroy Pendragon. After capturing the Bermuda Island Base, they are detected off the Oakland coast, and are met by the Virginian Fleet outside of Norfolk, though their leader is able to get by and fly with ease to Pendragon. This, for the most part, would suggest that Pendragon has been reconned to be located on the East Coast, possibly where its real-world counterpart D.C. Washington D.C is located, however, Oakland in the real-world is on the West Coast, in northern California. In addition, the map showing the World War between Britannia and the U.F.N. shows Pendragon (destroyed at the time) as near the real-world city of Yuma. In the Photo Story, Michigan is confirmed as a state, along with its real-world city of South Haven. It said to have a commanding view of the state capital Chicago on the other side of Lake Michigan, but it is unclear if Chicago is the capital of Michigan in-universe or if it is the capital of Illinois as it is in the real-world. San Diego is also confirmed as an in-universe city as First Prince Odysseus eu Britannia visits the San Diego Safari for an inspection.
California Base is a major port used by the Britannian Pacific Fleet, situated on the west coast of Britannian homeland. It served as the departure port of Nunnally's aerial escort to Area 11 upon her assumption of office as Viceroy of Area 11. California Base may be analogous to real-world San Francisco, San Diego, or another major coastal city in the real California. It is also worth noting that California is referred to as its name in the real-world and not as an area, which suggests it is part of the Homeland. It is also worthy of note that, before becoming part of the United States, Mexico held control of California, which was grouped together with Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and part of Colorado to form "Alta California" as well as controlling Baja California; the California in Britannia may refer to both of these regions together, and not necessarily to the area of the real-world U.S. state of California.
Texas is part of Britannia, and Dallas is the location of In Vogue, Schniezel's personal research team. The Area of Texas as a region within Britannia is not known; it may comprise the area of modern Texas, or a larger or smaller area as it did historically. The states of Alaska, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Virginia are also in existence as Rolo assassinates targets in each of them. The state of Idaho and its capital Boise exist, as the noble Hexenhaus Family has territory and lives there.
=[https://codegeass.fandom.com/wiki/Euro_Britannia Euro Britannia]=
During Britannia's war with the E.U., it had established a tributary empire called Euro Britannia which comprises of all conquered European countries from during the war. It was presumably formed sometime after Britannia had conquered Russia and is based in Sankt Petersburg as its capitol. It acted as the eastern front for the Britannian war effort against the E.U. and presumably grew to acquire all the other European nations that were annexed following the collapse of Europia United.
=History=
Britannia traces its cultural origins back to the military expedition of the British Isles by Julius Caesar, when he invaded Britain twice in 55 and 54 B.C., Alwin I meets with strong resistance from the local tribes, who became the founder of the imperial family. The election of the king and the repulsion of the Romans is the starting date of "Ascension Throne Britannia," the universal dating system in Code Geass, which is similar to the Gregorian calendar of our world, though dated same years. This would place the date of the invasion of Japan, in 2010 a.t.b., and the events of the series in 2017 and 2018 a.t.b.
It is not stated if the current imperial family (that of Charles) traces its genealogy back to Alwin I, or if the British Isles remained independent of Roman rule during the course of their history or if they were also able to repel the invasions of barbarians, i.e., if the Britannians are the descendants of Celts or if they are Anglo-Saxons as the British of our world are. It is also unclear what effect the Viking and Norman invasions during the Middle Ages had on the British Isles in Code Geass, or if they occurred at all. However, the presence of predominantly Germanic-sounding names suggests that the Britannians are Anglo-Saxons. (In actual history, the invasion of Germanic tribes, notably the Angles and Saxons, pushed the Celtic peoples of the British Isles out of what we know as England, into Wales, Cornwall and region of modern French now called Brittany.)
===Early Modern History===
The exact details of Britannia's growth up until the modern period is only heard in bits and pieces in the entire Code Geass universe, and not entirely in the anime.
During the reign of Elizabeth I (which would presumably be dated as 1558-1603 a.t.b.), the queen remained unmarried, but bore a son, the father of whom is never publicly identified, though candidates were Sir Robert Dudly, the 1st Earl of Leicester, Sir Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Carl, the Duke of Britannia. Each of these men would use this knowledge to garner influence and power in the country. Elizabeth I's son ascended to the throne as Henry IX upon the death of his mother in 1603. His ascension was said to mark the beginning of "the Golden Age of the Tudor dynasty." (In actual history, Elizabeth I died childless as the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.)
Britannia's history drastically diverges from our timeline during the "Age of Revolutions," starting with the failure of the American Revolutionary War in the 1770s, which is known as "Washington's Rebellion" in the history of Code Geass. The revolution failed because Benjamin Franklin was bribed off by the Duke of Britannia with the title of earl. George Washington and the Continental Army suffered a crippling defeat at the battle of Yorktown, at which point control of the North American colonies by Britannia was assured. (In our timeline, the Battle of Yorktown was a decisive victory for the Continental Army, securing independence for the United States).
The colonial possessions of "Britannia" at this time are not clear in relation to our British Empire; it is not made clear if Britannia ever colonized the Indian Subcontinent (as China controls it at the beginning of the series) or if it was ever an active colonial power in Africa. It seems that Britannia's most important overseas possessions were in North America.
===The Age of Revolution===
As the "Age of Revolution" reached its peak, many of the old monarchies in Europe were overthrown, but Henry X of Britannia retained an absolute monarchy. The greatest of these revolutions at the time was the French Revolution, which eventually produced the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. It was Napoleon who orchestrated the greatest formative event which resulted in the creation of the Holy Britannian Empire. A decisive victory at the Battle of Trafalgar allowed Napoleon to invade the British Isles and occupy London. Napoleon's invasion of the British Isles advanced to the point that, in 1807, Queen Elizabeth III was forced to retreat to Edinburgh, where a local revolutionary group arrested her and forced her to abdicate the throne, ending the monarchy over the British Isles. This event came to be known as the "Humiliation of Edinburgh." (In actual history, the French invasion fleet suffered a crippling defeat at Trafalgar to Admiral Nelson and lack of major naval opposition after this assured dominance for the British Empire, leading to it becoming the largest empire in history.)
However, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, Duke of Britannia, and his friend and subordinate Sir Richard Hector, Knight of One, led a retreat with Elizabeth III and the remaining loyalists in the British Isles to the North American colonies, establishing a capital on the east coast. In 1813, Elizabeth III died childless, nominating Ricardo von Britannia as her successor on her deathbed. It was at this time that the "Ascension Throne Britannia" calendar was established in the American version. Though Napoleon successfully conquered the British Isles, his rule over Europe ran into popular discontent and culminated in his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1821. Napoleon died on his way back to France; it is rumored that he was poisoned by agents who were acting in accordance with Elizabeth III's will. With the departure of Napoleon and his imperial ambitions from history, a new Europe-spanning empire with democratic ideals arose, and would later become the modern Europia United. Over time, the EU would grow to encompass all of Europe, including the whole of Russia, and Africa, and would for centuries be the bitter enemy of Elizabeth III's followers in North America. (In our timeline, Napoleon also suffered his final defeat at Battle of Waterloo, though this was in 1815 and was second of his major defeats, the first one being his infamous invasion of Russia. He did also die in 1821 in our timeline as well, though this was in exile.)
===Development and Expansion===
By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the "Britannians" were essentially the defeated remains of the absolutist aristocracy of the British Isles who had retreated to their colonial holdings in North America following the loss of their original homeland. Even before the Napoleonic Wars, the Britannian aristocracy had rejected all notions of democracy that were put forth by the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolution, instead embracing absolutism like that of the Tudor dynasty. Their humiliating defeat and exile only further embittered the Britannians, causing them to fully embrace a national ethos of revanchism. The resulting Holy Britannian Empire, while geographically centered in the area of the real-world United States and descended from the real-world British Empire, is analogous to neither of these political entities, instead being an odd mix of North American Tories (pro-British colonials, or loyalists, from the Revolutionary era) and imperial British aristocrats.
The small population of "Britannian" nobles had reached a critical low point, having a very small core population, but were determined to rebuild their former power in North America, and began an aggressive campaign of conquest. Presumably this campaign began as events analogous to the real-world Manifest Destiny, but clearly eventually grew to stretch across both North and South America, presumably seizing former European colonial regions such as the empires of Mexico and Brazil. After being pushed to the edge of oblivion, the Britannians now saw international politics as a fight for survival, and rapidly rebuilt themselves into a world power by dominating the rest of the Americas. Each new region that was conquered appears to be designated as an "Area," and its indigenous population as "Numbers" named after their Area (e.g., Area 11 and the Elevens). However, it is not explicitly stated what parts of North and South America make up the Britannian Homeland; it could form North America, or just the original colonies, or the whole of the Americas. It is therefore difficult to place exactly what regions are Areas prior to the incorporation of Area 11 (Japan) into the empire.
Because the original core population of Britannians was so small, a very stratified and highly classist social hierarchy was established, in which the extremely small minority of "pure blood" Britannians (who were descended from the original British aristocrats who fled to North America) ruled over the "honorary Britannians" (who held a mid-level social position). At the very bottom were the Numbers, the conquered peoples who lived in segregated ghettos. Numbers could also apply for honorary citizenship, but are still treated as second-class citizens by some Britannians if this is granted.
When Charles Darwin proposed his Theory of Evolution, which was later appropriated by the philosophy of Social Darwinism, it readily caught on in Britannia. The idea that conflict and competition promoted growth, that those who conquered and subjugated other peoples were justified in doing so, was well-accepted by Britannians. They saw it as the ultimate justification for their struggle to claw back from the brink of extinction and over the decades turn themselves into a world power again, and for their campaign of survival, conquest, and, ultimately, revenge.
The Holy Britannian Empire embraced Social Darwinism not only as a national ethos and mentality, but even as something akin to a state religion; Charles Darwin came to be referred to as Saint Darwin, as an example, and the Emperor Charles may very well have been named after the naturalist. The subjugation and oppression of non-Britannians became a systematically applied set of negative virtues, which brought about the act of Britannia "reforming itself along Prussian lines" as the society became almost entirely dedicated to the military effort and further conquests.
By the time of the (unspecified) World Wars in the mid-20th century, the Holy Britannian Empire had already become one of the three superpower nations that controlled a third of the planet, the other two being the Europia United and the Chinese Federation. Of note is the fact that the three superpowers are similar in their geographic composition to the three superpowers of Nineteen Eighty-Four: Oceania (Britannia), Eurasia (Europia United), and Eastasia (Chinese Federation).
By the time of the invasion of Japan, from their homeland in North America, Britannia controlled the whole of the Americas, as well as—depending on different versions of the manga that do not contradict the main storyline—New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Philippines.
===Conquest of Japan===
The rare mineral, sakuradite, became increasingly valuable as more and more modern military technology relied upon it; the superconductive properties of it resulted in technological miniaturization which allowed for the development of such machines as Knightmare Frames. Unfortunately for Britannia, 70% of the world's sakuradite came from reserves located in Japan. While not being part of the three superpowers, Japan was able to maintain its independence and economic superiority by manipulating sakuradite supplies to each of the three superpowers to maintain a balance of power; essentially, if any one superpower tried to invade Japan and seize its sakuradite reserves, it would give them such an advantage that the other two powers would have to attack it instantly or risk annihilation. Consequently, no one superpower was willing to risk a world war by conquering Japan, even though each of them was perfectly capable of doing so.
In 2010 a.t.b., after the conquest of Area 10 by Britannia (in some versions the Indochinese Peninsula), Japan decided to align with the policies of the Chinese Federation and Europia United and apply economic pressure upon Britannia, an event which came to be referred to as the Oriental Incident; all three factions blockaded Britannian ports in an attempt to force negotiations.
The plan backfired, though, as Britannia instead invaded Japan on August 10th in the Second Pacific War. Lasting only a month, Britannia conquered Japan thanks to the large-scale implementation of fourth-generation Knightmares as weapons of war, whose combination of mobility and firepower gave them a complete advantage over the more standard main battle tanks of Japan. The conquered island nation was renamed Area 11, and its citizens "Elevens." Britannia accomplished this feat without retaliation from the EU and the Chinese Federation thanks to clever political manipulation: Britannia divided the sakuradite production of Japan into thirds and evenly distributed it among the three superpowers. More sakuradite was produced overall as the Japanese no longer had any say in the matter, such as the exploitation of sakuradite deposits under Mt. Fuji which caused the sacred mountain to be defaced in pursuit of the mineral. Britannia wisely gave the other two superpowers equal shares in the stockpiles of sakuradite, essentially bribing them out of war or even allying with each other.
A major reason as to why the war ended so abruptly was the apparent suicide of the Japanese Prime Minister, Genbu Kururugi ( in actuality he was murdered by his son, Suzaku). Though Japan had been militarily defeated, it had not completely surrendered and was prepared to mount a do-or-die resistance against Britannia; ironically, this meant that Britannia had never actually broken Japan or even really demoralized its population beyond hope, and its industrial and economic capacities were never completely destroyed. This meant that Area 11 was never a fully pacified occupation sector for Britannian forces, which may account at least in part for the rather brutal treatment of Elevens by Britannians such as the massacres at the Shinjuku and Saitama ghettos in 2017 a.t.b.
===Black Rebellion===
During the time of the colonization of Japan, Lelouch vi Britannia, a former 17th Prince of the Holy Britannian Empire, plotted to take up arms against the superpower. Aided by C.C, and utilizing his Geass, Lelouch, under the disguise as Zero, rose up to oppose the rule, joined by the resistance cells in Shinjuku, Japan Liberation Front, and other Japanese resistance cell branches in Japan to form the Order of the Black Knights with the Kyōto House providing financial and logistic support to the organization.
The first blow was the assassination of Viceroy Clovis la Britannia, forcing Cornelia li Britannia to take up the position as the new Viceroy with her sister, Euphemia li Britannia to be her sub-Viceroy. Despite Cornelia's efforts, the Britannians couldnot stop the Black Knights from growing in strong numbers. After many unsuccessful confrontations, Euphemia attempts to establish the Special Administrative Zone of Japan, but due to Lelouch using his Geass on his sister by accident, the Britannian officials have stripped Euphemia of her royal status, making her responsible for the massacre, igniting the first assault of Tokyo. Despite suffering heavy casualties, the Britannian military emerges victorious but did not stop the rebellion from spreading, forcing Britannian officials to take drastic measures and begin to heavily oppress the Japanese population.
Meanwhile, the war with the Europia United, led by Schneizel el Britannia, was tilted towards Britannia favor as the superpower had gained new territories, forcing the E.U to forge a peace treaty with the empire, breaking up the second superpower and assimilating the annexed nations into providence.
The Britannian government has once again been in another rebellion led by Zero aka Lelouch, who has been placed in an amnesic student after he was captured, and thus putting the threat of the Black Knights into a major menace after the death of the third Viceroy Calares. The amount of danger the Black Knights pose to the government has brought the intervention of the Knights of the Round, most notably, Suzaku Kururugi, Gino Weinberg, and Anya Alstreim, and the appointment of Nunnally vi Britannia as the new Viceroy.
Nunnally attempts to revive the Special Administrative Zone of Japan, but Lelouch plotted the loophole into the agreement with the Knights of the Round and disguises one million Japanese refugees as Zero to exodus the Black Knights into the Chinese Federation.
The Britannians send delegates including Schneizel el Britannia and Odysseus eu Britannia to forge a peaceful annexation of the Chinese Federation in order to recapture and eliminate the Black Knights, but due to the intervention of Li Xingke and the coup d'etat forces, the Britannians failed and withdraws from the Chinese Federation.
As the weeks followed, the Britannians are confronted with the formation of the United Federation of Nations, splitting the world into two major powers and a major conflict spring up in various fronts with only Japan the tipping points. During the Second Assault on Tokyo Settlement, the Britannian military deployed the F.L.E.I.J.A., causing a total of over 10 million Britannians dead in a matter of seconds and a temporary ceasefire was issued between the Black Knights and Schneizel.
The Black Rebellion comes to the end with Britannia returning control of Japan to the Black Knights. Unknown to the rest of the members, Schneizel exposed Lelouch's identity to the Black Knights and bargain with their betrayal of Lelouch in exchange for returning sovereignty of Japan to them.
===Reign of Lelouch Vi Britannia===
Unknown to the general public, the 98th Emperor, Charles zi Britannia, was killed by Lelouch until a month later when Lelouch announced to Britannia that he has murdered their emperor, making him the 99th Emperor of the Holy Britannian Empire.
Under the guise as emperor, Lelouch instigated the Zero Requiem by destroying all of the Britannian cultures, abolishing all the oppressive laws and class systems of Britannia, frees every colony (thereby abolishing the concept of "Numbers"), and puts down all resistance to his goals. As a result of the seizure of the throne, riots broke out over Lelouch's policies, creating a strong resentment amongst the Britannian population. However, all acts of rebellion were mercilessly put down by Lelouch.
Almost all the members of the Britannian Imperial Family were under the influence of Lelouch's Geass, excluding Marrybell mel Britannia, Schneizel, Cornelia, and Nunnally. Some of the remaining Knights of the Round members attempted a coup d'etat of who all except Gino were killed by Suzaku piloting his advanced Ninth Generation Knightmare Frame, the Lancelot Albion.
Despite being seen as the seemingly benevolent acts to the world, it was a smokescreen for Lelouch's plot, which he calls the Zero Requiem. He announces that Britannia intends to join the U.F.N. At the meeting in Ashford Academy, Lelouch and Suzaku take the council members hostage after it is revealed that Britannia's large population would give him a majority voting block. Britannian forces have crossed water borders and reoccupy Japan, forcing the Black Knights to retreat and regroup to Horai Island.
This also brings him into conflict with Schneizel and the Black Knights, the former bringing his F.L.E.I.J.A.-equipped floating fortress, the Damocles. Schneizel ordered the destruction of the capital city, Pendragon with the F.LE.I.J.A warhead, killing all of the highest-ranking officials and the residents including the Imperial Family residing there. With the destruction of the capital city, the Britannian government was in turmoil. All government services were suspended, and military forces in different areas are locked in a confrontation with the UFN.
Lelouch and his forces in Japan confront Schneizel and the Black Knights at Mt. Fuji. After a lengthy battle and massive casualties, Lelouch emerges victories and gains control of the Damocles, declaring himself the rule of the entire world. All sides, Britannians and non-Britannains alike, were horrified by Lelouch's victory and thus reigning them with the iron fist, forcing them into submission. Many dissidents were forced to go undercover and watch and wait for the opportunity.
While resistances and Peace Mark staged an attack on the Damocles in Madrid, Lelouch arranges the public execution of the Black Knights and the leaders and the United Federation of Nations representatives in a victory parade in the recaptured Japan, Suzaku, under the guise as Zero, "assassinates" Lelouch, thus ending his reign and completing the Zero Requiem.
===Aftermath===
After the death of Lelouch, all of the Black Knights and the UFN leaders were freed, and Nunnally ascended as the 100th Empress of Britannia. Despite the liberation of Lelouch's reign, the devastation left behind from Lelouch's rule has severely crippled the government and the economy after the destruction of many sakuradite minerals from the battle at Mt. Fuji. With the heavy losses on both its military infrastructure and the sakuradite supply lines, Britannia is now under economic depression.
A massive reformation and reorganization after the destruction of the capital city went underway with Nunnally leading the effort to transition the rule into a more democratic structure.
The sphere of influence of Britannia has also dropped dramatically to low standards where the superpower status is completely eroded into a small fraction and maintaining colonies is no longer possible for the empire to continue. However, under Nunnally's reign, territories are allowed to secede and form new nations of their own with Britannia officially joining the UFN.


=Trivia=
=Trivia=

Revision as of 02:17, 31 July 2021

The 'Holy Britannian Empire' (神聖ブリタニア帝国 Shinsei Buritania Teikoku) is a nation born from the defeated remnants of the British Empire and is the world's dominant military superpower that ruled over one-third of the world and one of the large Empire-unions that control Earth initially in the early 21st Century, the others being the Chinese Federation, the Europia United, and later United Federation of Nations.

Geography

Prior to the invasion of Japan, Britannia comprised the entire North and South American continents as well as New Zealand and the Philippines. The novels indicate that the Indochinese Peninsula is Area 10, though other maps contradict this; in the anime, Indochina seems to be a part of the Chinese Federation comprising of Vietnam and Laos. Cambodia appears to be a part of the empire at least by the events of R2, as it serves as the headquarter for Schneizel's faction although never referred to as an Area. Oddly enough, the British Isles are not a part of Britannia, instead of being part of the Europia United and do not unify with the empire, even after the EU's defeat.

In the prologue to the series, Britannia invades Japan, one of the few other independent nations, in order to secure deposits of sakuradite. By the beginning of the events of the series, in 2017 a.t.b., Britannia has conquered six more areas, and then the Middle Eastern Federation as Area 18. In the second season, Schniezel's forces conquer more than half of the territory of the Europia United, incorporating France, Spain, Russia, and southern, western, and northern Africa in an unspecified amount of Areas. No other areas are designated beyond Area 18.

Areas

An Area is a nation or group of nations that has been conquered by Britannia and made into a colony. Each Area is designated with a number, and its people are referred to by that number (ex: after Japan was conquered and made into Area 11, the Japanese were known as Elevens). There are at least eighteen Areas (twenty-one in the manga), numbered in order of conquest, though only a handful are mentioned by name. Early in the first season, Area 18 is conquered by Britannia, while many more Areas are conquered during the course of R2, though none of them are designated.

Areas are given one of three categories: Reformation, Developing, and Satellite status, according to Code Geass Light Novel: Stage-2-Knight. The "Reformation" category is also known as "Correctional." Following conquest, an Area gradually progresses through these areas and gains greater degrees of autonomy with it, though, in the case of a serious setback such as a popular uprising, an Area may be demoted as Area 11 was following the First Black Rebellion. This has the effect of dividing moderates and hardliners within Britannian society, with the former seeking to improve an Area's status through peaceful obedience while the latter try to disrupt the process through their activities. The general Britannian policy is to let each Area govern itself. Although Lelouch worked to liberate Area 11 as Zero, he admitted that Area 11 and its people are better off under Britannian rule, in terms of its economic and geopolitical situation, so long as the Japanese can live without pride.[1]

The fact that some Areas seem to belong to the Chinese Federation (Korea, Indonesia etc.) indicates that there was probably a reconquest of these territories by the Chinese Federation.[2]

Following Lelouch's ascension to the throne, the Area and Numbers system was abolished and full citizenship granted to all former Numbers, and the former names of all Areas were also restored. Lelouch, however, remained ruler over all the former Areas. This apparently gave Lelouch an overwhelming numerical advantage when he attempted to join the UFN because its voting system was weighed by population, implying that the regions of Britannia as a whole are much more populous than their real-world counterparts. Alternatively, the regions may have the same population as their real-world counterparts, but the area of Britannia as a whole contributes to its enormous unified population, as all people living in former Areas were granted citizenship.

Known Areas

  • Area 1 - United States - Disputed (considering the timeline, the United States never existed in this world) In addition, Britannians make several mentions to the "Homeland" suggesting that there's a part of their empire that isn't an Area. Since the original colonies that Britannian nobles fled to after losing Great Britain were in North America, it would make sense that at least part of the United States as well as possibly part of Canada, would be the "Homeland".
  • Area 2 - Canada and Queen Elizabeth Islands
  • Area 3 - Mexico (and the rest of Central America)
  • Area 4 - Greenland
  • Area 5 - Iceland
  • Area 6 - South America
  • Area 7 - Hawaii and Midway Atoll
  • Area 8 - Falkland Islands
  • Area 9 - New Zealand
  • Area 10 - Indochina - Disputed (Indochina is shown as a territory of the Chinese Federation). According to Code Geass Light Novel: Stage-0-Entrance, Britannia conquered the Indochina peninsula several months before September 2009.
  • Area 11 - Japan
  • Area 12 - Philippines
  • Area 13 - Cambodia - Disputed (While Britannia seems to have connections with Cambodia, it was never called an Area) In addition, Cambodia is considered a part of Indochina and thus a Chinese Federation's territory.
  • Area 14 - Papua New Guinea
  • Area 15 - Southern Pacific Islands
  • Area 16 - Korean Peninsula - Disputed (Shown as a territory of the Chinese Federation)
  • Area 17 - Indonesia - Disputed (shown as a territory of the Chinese Federation, especially taking part of the uprising)
  • Area 18 - Middle Eastern Federation
  • Area 19 - Unknown
  • Area 20 - Unknown
  • Area 21 - Unknown
  • Area 22 - Unknown
  • Area 23 - Unknown
  • Area 24 - Spain

Numbers

Just as each sector is given a number, the natives of the region are referred to by the same number. Hence, Japanese become "Elevens" and natives of the Middle East, regardless of their ethnic group, become "Eighteens." Collectively, all Non-Britannians living within the Empire as referred to as the "Numbers", which many Britannians try to separate themselves from. Many Non-Britannians find this very offensive, and the Empire uses it as a form of cultural suppression. The term Numbers in itself is often used derogatorily by Britannians.

Major Cities

The capital of the Empire is the Imperial Capital of Pendragon, where Pendragon Palace is situated. This was destroyed by Schneizel using his F.L.E.I.J.A. equipped floating fortress, Damocles. The majority of the ruling family resides in the district of the capital known as "Saint Darwin Street".

The Emperor apparently resides in "Britannia Palace", the site of the assassination, as well as Lelouch's temporary residence at the time of his reign. Other residences in the capital include: Belial Palace where Nunnally resided in the year between the first and second seasons; Warrick Palace, the home of Clovis' mother, Gabriella la Britannia and the Imperial Villa at Aries (アリエスの離宮|Ariesu No Rikyū), the residence of Lelouch's mother prior to her death. Owing to his fond childhood memories of the beautiful aerial gardens at Aries, Clovis la Britannia later modeled the villa on top of the Viceroy's Palace in Area 11 after it. The audio dramas also mention the existence of a Capricorn Villa; considering the presence of Aries and Capricorn villas, it may be reasonable to suggest that there are other villas named after astrological symbols (i.e., Leo, Gemini, Libra). The Britannian capital of Pendragon appears to be in the middle of our present day Arizona, however, on a map displayed on the Ikaruga, it was shown to be just northeast of our Baja California.

In Oz the Reflection, the Wings of Talleyrand enact a plan to invade and destroy Pendragon. After capturing the Bermuda Island Base, they are detected off the Oakland coast, and are met by the Virginian Fleet outside of Norfolk, though their leader is able to get by and fly with ease to Pendragon. This, for the most part, would suggest that Pendragon has been reconned to be located on the East Coast, possibly where its real-world counterpart D.C. Washington D.C is located, however, Oakland in the real-world is on the West Coast, in northern California. In addition, the map showing the World War between Britannia and the U.F.N. shows Pendragon (destroyed at the time) as near the real-world city of Yuma. In the Photo Story, Michigan is confirmed as a state, along with its real-world city of South Haven. It said to have a commanding view of the state capital Chicago on the other side of Lake Michigan, but it is unclear if Chicago is the capital of Michigan in-universe or if it is the capital of Illinois as it is in the real-world. San Diego is also confirmed as an in-universe city as First Prince Odysseus eu Britannia visits the San Diego Safari for an inspection.

California Base is a major port used by the Britannian Pacific Fleet, situated on the west coast of Britannian homeland. It served as the departure port of Nunnally's aerial escort to Area 11 upon her assumption of office as Viceroy of Area 11. California Base may be analogous to real-world San Francisco, San Diego, or another major coastal city in the real California. It is also worth noting that California is referred to as its name in the real-world and not as an area, which suggests it is part of the Homeland. It is also worthy of note that, before becoming part of the United States, Mexico held control of California, which was grouped together with Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and part of Colorado to form "Alta California" as well as controlling Baja California; the California in Britannia may refer to both of these regions together, and not necessarily to the area of the real-world U.S. state of California.

Texas is part of Britannia, and Dallas is the location of In Vogue, Schniezel's personal research team. The Area of Texas as a region within Britannia is not known; it may comprise the area of modern Texas, or a larger or smaller area as it did historically. The states of Alaska, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Virginia are also in existence as Rolo assassinates targets in each of them. The state of Idaho and its capital Boise exist, as the noble Hexenhaus Family has territory and lives there.

Euro Britannia

During Britannia's war with the E.U., it had established a tributary empire called Euro Britannia which comprises of all conquered European countries from during the war. It was presumably formed sometime after Britannia had conquered Russia and is based in Sankt Petersburg as its capitol. It acted as the eastern front for the Britannian war effort against the E.U. and presumably grew to acquire all the other European nations that were annexed following the collapse of Europia United.

History

Britannia traces its cultural origins back to the military expedition of the British Isles by Julius Caesar, when he invaded Britain twice in 55 and 54 B.C., Alwin I meets with strong resistance from the local tribes, who became the founder of the imperial family. The election of the king and the repulsion of the Romans is the starting date of "Ascension Throne Britannia," the universal dating system in Code Geass, which is similar to the Gregorian calendar of our world, though dated same years. This would place the date of the invasion of Japan, in 2010 a.t.b., and the events of the series in 2017 and 2018 a.t.b.

It is not stated if the current imperial family (that of Charles) traces its genealogy back to Alwin I, or if the British Isles remained independent of Roman rule during the course of their history or if they were also able to repel the invasions of barbarians, i.e., if the Britannians are the descendants of Celts or if they are Anglo-Saxons as the British of our world are. It is also unclear what effect the Viking and Norman invasions during the Middle Ages had on the British Isles in Code Geass, or if they occurred at all. However, the presence of predominantly Germanic-sounding names suggests that the Britannians are Anglo-Saxons. (In actual history, the invasion of Germanic tribes, notably the Angles and Saxons, pushed the Celtic peoples of the British Isles out of what we know as England, into Wales, Cornwall and region of modern French now called Brittany.)

Early Modern History

The exact details of Britannia's growth up until the modern period is only heard in bits and pieces in the entire Code Geass universe, and not entirely in the anime.

During the reign of Elizabeth I (which would presumably be dated as 1558-1603 a.t.b.), the queen remained unmarried, but bore a son, the father of whom is never publicly identified, though candidates were Sir Robert Dudly, the 1st Earl of Leicester, Sir Robert Devereux, the 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Carl, the Duke of Britannia. Each of these men would use this knowledge to garner influence and power in the country. Elizabeth I's son ascended to the throne as Henry IX upon the death of his mother in 1603. His ascension was said to mark the beginning of "the Golden Age of the Tudor dynasty." (In actual history, Elizabeth I died childless as the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.)

Britannia's history drastically diverges from our timeline during the "Age of Revolutions," starting with the failure of the American Revolutionary War in the 1770s, which is known as "Washington's Rebellion" in the history of Code Geass. The revolution failed because Benjamin Franklin was bribed off by the Duke of Britannia with the title of earl. George Washington and the Continental Army suffered a crippling defeat at the battle of Yorktown, at which point control of the North American colonies by Britannia was assured. (In our timeline, the Battle of Yorktown was a decisive victory for the Continental Army, securing independence for the United States).

The colonial possessions of "Britannia" at this time are not clear in relation to our British Empire; it is not made clear if Britannia ever colonized the Indian Subcontinent (as China controls it at the beginning of the series) or if it was ever an active colonial power in Africa. It seems that Britannia's most important overseas possessions were in North America.

The Age of Revolution

As the "Age of Revolution" reached its peak, many of the old monarchies in Europe were overthrown, but Henry X of Britannia retained an absolute monarchy. The greatest of these revolutions at the time was the French Revolution, which eventually produced the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. It was Napoleon who orchestrated the greatest formative event which resulted in the creation of the Holy Britannian Empire. A decisive victory at the Battle of Trafalgar allowed Napoleon to invade the British Isles and occupy London. Napoleon's invasion of the British Isles advanced to the point that, in 1807, Queen Elizabeth III was forced to retreat to Edinburgh, where a local revolutionary group arrested her and forced her to abdicate the throne, ending the monarchy over the British Isles. This event came to be known as the "Humiliation of Edinburgh." (In actual history, the French invasion fleet suffered a crippling defeat at Trafalgar to Admiral Nelson and lack of major naval opposition after this assured dominance for the British Empire, leading to it becoming the largest empire in history.)

However, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, Duke of Britannia, and his friend and subordinate Sir Richard Hector, Knight of One, led a retreat with Elizabeth III and the remaining loyalists in the British Isles to the North American colonies, establishing a capital on the east coast. In 1813, Elizabeth III died childless, nominating Ricardo von Britannia as her successor on her deathbed. It was at this time that the "Ascension Throne Britannia" calendar was established in the American version. Though Napoleon successfully conquered the British Isles, his rule over Europe ran into popular discontent and culminated in his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1821. Napoleon died on his way back to France; it is rumored that he was poisoned by agents who were acting in accordance with Elizabeth III's will. With the departure of Napoleon and his imperial ambitions from history, a new Europe-spanning empire with democratic ideals arose, and would later become the modern Europia United. Over time, the EU would grow to encompass all of Europe, including the whole of Russia, and Africa, and would for centuries be the bitter enemy of Elizabeth III's followers in North America. (In our timeline, Napoleon also suffered his final defeat at Battle of Waterloo, though this was in 1815 and was second of his major defeats, the first one being his infamous invasion of Russia. He did also die in 1821 in our timeline as well, though this was in exile.)

Development and Expansion

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the "Britannians" were essentially the defeated remains of the absolutist aristocracy of the British Isles who had retreated to their colonial holdings in North America following the loss of their original homeland. Even before the Napoleonic Wars, the Britannian aristocracy had rejected all notions of democracy that were put forth by the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolution, instead embracing absolutism like that of the Tudor dynasty. Their humiliating defeat and exile only further embittered the Britannians, causing them to fully embrace a national ethos of revanchism. The resulting Holy Britannian Empire, while geographically centered in the area of the real-world United States and descended from the real-world British Empire, is analogous to neither of these political entities, instead being an odd mix of North American Tories (pro-British colonials, or loyalists, from the Revolutionary era) and imperial British aristocrats.

The small population of "Britannian" nobles had reached a critical low point, having a very small core population, but were determined to rebuild their former power in North America, and began an aggressive campaign of conquest. Presumably this campaign began as events analogous to the real-world Manifest Destiny, but clearly eventually grew to stretch across both North and South America, presumably seizing former European colonial regions such as the empires of Mexico and Brazil. After being pushed to the edge of oblivion, the Britannians now saw international politics as a fight for survival, and rapidly rebuilt themselves into a world power by dominating the rest of the Americas. Each new region that was conquered appears to be designated as an "Area," and its indigenous population as "Numbers" named after their Area (e.g., Area 11 and the Elevens). However, it is not explicitly stated what parts of North and South America make up the Britannian Homeland; it could form North America, or just the original colonies, or the whole of the Americas. It is therefore difficult to place exactly what regions are Areas prior to the incorporation of Area 11 (Japan) into the empire.

Because the original core population of Britannians was so small, a very stratified and highly classist social hierarchy was established, in which the extremely small minority of "pure blood" Britannians (who were descended from the original British aristocrats who fled to North America) ruled over the "honorary Britannians" (who held a mid-level social position). At the very bottom were the Numbers, the conquered peoples who lived in segregated ghettos. Numbers could also apply for honorary citizenship, but are still treated as second-class citizens by some Britannians if this is granted.

When Charles Darwin proposed his Theory of Evolution, which was later appropriated by the philosophy of Social Darwinism, it readily caught on in Britannia. The idea that conflict and competition promoted growth, that those who conquered and subjugated other peoples were justified in doing so, was well-accepted by Britannians. They saw it as the ultimate justification for their struggle to claw back from the brink of extinction and over the decades turn themselves into a world power again, and for their campaign of survival, conquest, and, ultimately, revenge.

The Holy Britannian Empire embraced Social Darwinism not only as a national ethos and mentality, but even as something akin to a state religion; Charles Darwin came to be referred to as Saint Darwin, as an example, and the Emperor Charles may very well have been named after the naturalist. The subjugation and oppression of non-Britannians became a systematically applied set of negative virtues, which brought about the act of Britannia "reforming itself along Prussian lines" as the society became almost entirely dedicated to the military effort and further conquests.

By the time of the (unspecified) World Wars in the mid-20th century, the Holy Britannian Empire had already become one of the three superpower nations that controlled a third of the planet, the other two being the Europia United and the Chinese Federation. Of note is the fact that the three superpowers are similar in their geographic composition to the three superpowers of Nineteen Eighty-Four: Oceania (Britannia), Eurasia (Europia United), and Eastasia (Chinese Federation).

By the time of the invasion of Japan, from their homeland in North America, Britannia controlled the whole of the Americas, as well as—depending on different versions of the manga that do not contradict the main storyline—New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Philippines.

Conquest of Japan

The rare mineral, sakuradite, became increasingly valuable as more and more modern military technology relied upon it; the superconductive properties of it resulted in technological miniaturization which allowed for the development of such machines as Knightmare Frames. Unfortunately for Britannia, 70% of the world's sakuradite came from reserves located in Japan. While not being part of the three superpowers, Japan was able to maintain its independence and economic superiority by manipulating sakuradite supplies to each of the three superpowers to maintain a balance of power; essentially, if any one superpower tried to invade Japan and seize its sakuradite reserves, it would give them such an advantage that the other two powers would have to attack it instantly or risk annihilation. Consequently, no one superpower was willing to risk a world war by conquering Japan, even though each of them was perfectly capable of doing so.

In 2010 a.t.b., after the conquest of Area 10 by Britannia (in some versions the Indochinese Peninsula), Japan decided to align with the policies of the Chinese Federation and Europia United and apply economic pressure upon Britannia, an event which came to be referred to as the Oriental Incident; all three factions blockaded Britannian ports in an attempt to force negotiations.

The plan backfired, though, as Britannia instead invaded Japan on August 10th in the Second Pacific War. Lasting only a month, Britannia conquered Japan thanks to the large-scale implementation of fourth-generation Knightmares as weapons of war, whose combination of mobility and firepower gave them a complete advantage over the more standard main battle tanks of Japan. The conquered island nation was renamed Area 11, and its citizens "Elevens." Britannia accomplished this feat without retaliation from the EU and the Chinese Federation thanks to clever political manipulation: Britannia divided the sakuradite production of Japan into thirds and evenly distributed it among the three superpowers. More sakuradite was produced overall as the Japanese no longer had any say in the matter, such as the exploitation of sakuradite deposits under Mt. Fuji which caused the sacred mountain to be defaced in pursuit of the mineral. Britannia wisely gave the other two superpowers equal shares in the stockpiles of sakuradite, essentially bribing them out of war or even allying with each other.

A major reason as to why the war ended so abruptly was the apparent suicide of the Japanese Prime Minister, Genbu Kururugi ( in actuality he was murdered by his son, Suzaku). Though Japan had been militarily defeated, it had not completely surrendered and was prepared to mount a do-or-die resistance against Britannia; ironically, this meant that Britannia had never actually broken Japan or even really demoralized its population beyond hope, and its industrial and economic capacities were never completely destroyed. This meant that Area 11 was never a fully pacified occupation sector for Britannian forces, which may account at least in part for the rather brutal treatment of Elevens by Britannians such as the massacres at the Shinjuku and Saitama ghettos in 2017 a.t.b.

Black Rebellion

During the time of the colonization of Japan, Lelouch vi Britannia, a former 17th Prince of the Holy Britannian Empire, plotted to take up arms against the superpower. Aided by C.C, and utilizing his Geass, Lelouch, under the disguise as Zero, rose up to oppose the rule, joined by the resistance cells in Shinjuku, Japan Liberation Front, and other Japanese resistance cell branches in Japan to form the Order of the Black Knights with the Kyōto House providing financial and logistic support to the organization.

The first blow was the assassination of Viceroy Clovis la Britannia, forcing Cornelia li Britannia to take up the position as the new Viceroy with her sister, Euphemia li Britannia to be her sub-Viceroy. Despite Cornelia's efforts, the Britannians couldnot stop the Black Knights from growing in strong numbers. After many unsuccessful confrontations, Euphemia attempts to establish the Special Administrative Zone of Japan, but due to Lelouch using his Geass on his sister by accident, the Britannian officials have stripped Euphemia of her royal status, making her responsible for the massacre, igniting the first assault of Tokyo. Despite suffering heavy casualties, the Britannian military emerges victorious but did not stop the rebellion from spreading, forcing Britannian officials to take drastic measures and begin to heavily oppress the Japanese population.

Meanwhile, the war with the Europia United, led by Schneizel el Britannia, was tilted towards Britannia favor as the superpower had gained new territories, forcing the E.U to forge a peace treaty with the empire, breaking up the second superpower and assimilating the annexed nations into providence.

The Britannian government has once again been in another rebellion led by Zero aka Lelouch, who has been placed in an amnesic student after he was captured, and thus putting the threat of the Black Knights into a major menace after the death of the third Viceroy Calares. The amount of danger the Black Knights pose to the government has brought the intervention of the Knights of the Round, most notably, Suzaku Kururugi, Gino Weinberg, and Anya Alstreim, and the appointment of Nunnally vi Britannia as the new Viceroy.

Nunnally attempts to revive the Special Administrative Zone of Japan, but Lelouch plotted the loophole into the agreement with the Knights of the Round and disguises one million Japanese refugees as Zero to exodus the Black Knights into the Chinese Federation.

The Britannians send delegates including Schneizel el Britannia and Odysseus eu Britannia to forge a peaceful annexation of the Chinese Federation in order to recapture and eliminate the Black Knights, but due to the intervention of Li Xingke and the coup d'etat forces, the Britannians failed and withdraws from the Chinese Federation.

As the weeks followed, the Britannians are confronted with the formation of the United Federation of Nations, splitting the world into two major powers and a major conflict spring up in various fronts with only Japan the tipping points. During the Second Assault on Tokyo Settlement, the Britannian military deployed the F.L.E.I.J.A., causing a total of over 10 million Britannians dead in a matter of seconds and a temporary ceasefire was issued between the Black Knights and Schneizel.

The Black Rebellion comes to the end with Britannia returning control of Japan to the Black Knights. Unknown to the rest of the members, Schneizel exposed Lelouch's identity to the Black Knights and bargain with their betrayal of Lelouch in exchange for returning sovereignty of Japan to them.

Reign of Lelouch Vi Britannia

Unknown to the general public, the 98th Emperor, Charles zi Britannia, was killed by Lelouch until a month later when Lelouch announced to Britannia that he has murdered their emperor, making him the 99th Emperor of the Holy Britannian Empire.

Under the guise as emperor, Lelouch instigated the Zero Requiem by destroying all of the Britannian cultures, abolishing all the oppressive laws and class systems of Britannia, frees every colony (thereby abolishing the concept of "Numbers"), and puts down all resistance to his goals. As a result of the seizure of the throne, riots broke out over Lelouch's policies, creating a strong resentment amongst the Britannian population. However, all acts of rebellion were mercilessly put down by Lelouch.

Almost all the members of the Britannian Imperial Family were under the influence of Lelouch's Geass, excluding Marrybell mel Britannia, Schneizel, Cornelia, and Nunnally. Some of the remaining Knights of the Round members attempted a coup d'etat of who all except Gino were killed by Suzaku piloting his advanced Ninth Generation Knightmare Frame, the Lancelot Albion.

Despite being seen as the seemingly benevolent acts to the world, it was a smokescreen for Lelouch's plot, which he calls the Zero Requiem. He announces that Britannia intends to join the U.F.N. At the meeting in Ashford Academy, Lelouch and Suzaku take the council members hostage after it is revealed that Britannia's large population would give him a majority voting block. Britannian forces have crossed water borders and reoccupy Japan, forcing the Black Knights to retreat and regroup to Horai Island.

This also brings him into conflict with Schneizel and the Black Knights, the former bringing his F.L.E.I.J.A.-equipped floating fortress, the Damocles. Schneizel ordered the destruction of the capital city, Pendragon with the F.LE.I.J.A warhead, killing all of the highest-ranking officials and the residents including the Imperial Family residing there. With the destruction of the capital city, the Britannian government was in turmoil. All government services were suspended, and military forces in different areas are locked in a confrontation with the UFN.

Lelouch and his forces in Japan confront Schneizel and the Black Knights at Mt. Fuji. After a lengthy battle and massive casualties, Lelouch emerges victories and gains control of the Damocles, declaring himself the rule of the entire world. All sides, Britannians and non-Britannains alike, were horrified by Lelouch's victory and thus reigning them with the iron fist, forcing them into submission. Many dissidents were forced to go undercover and watch and wait for the opportunity.

While resistances and Peace Mark staged an attack on the Damocles in Madrid, Lelouch arranges the public execution of the Black Knights and the leaders and the United Federation of Nations representatives in a victory parade in the recaptured Japan, Suzaku, under the guise as Zero, "assassinates" Lelouch, thus ending his reign and completing the Zero Requiem.

Aftermath

After the death of Lelouch, all of the Black Knights and the UFN leaders were freed, and Nunnally ascended as the 100th Empress of Britannia. Despite the liberation of Lelouch's reign, the devastation left behind from Lelouch's rule has severely crippled the government and the economy after the destruction of many sakuradite minerals from the battle at Mt. Fuji. With the heavy losses on both its military infrastructure and the sakuradite supply lines, Britannia is now under economic depression.

A massive reformation and reorganization after the destruction of the capital city went underway with Nunnally leading the effort to transition the rule into a more democratic structure.

The sphere of influence of Britannia has also dropped dramatically to low standards where the superpower status is completely eroded into a small fraction and maintaining colonies is no longer possible for the empire to continue. However, under Nunnally's reign, territories are allowed to secede and form new nations of their own with Britannia officially joining the UFN.

Trivia

Jibun wo~